Spiral turning is a subject that has received very little attention by most schools in which wood turning is taught. Spiral work is seen in antique furniture and also in the modern...
A. Tools for Holding Work. The advance in ease of handworking may largely be measured by the facilities for holding materials or other tools. The primitive man used no devices for...
The seasoning of wood is important for several reasons. It reduces weight, it increases strength, it prevents changes in volume after it is worked into shape, and it prevents check...
Glue is an inferior kind of gelatin, and is of two kinds,—animal glue and fish glue. Animal glue is made of bones and trimmings, cuttings and fleshings from hides and skins of anim...
Oval work as a problem in turning will be found to be a very good one as well as interesting to the pupil. It brings in the principle of the oval as used in ordinary shop practice;...
STAINS. The function of stains is to change the color, and to enchance the grain and texture of the wood. Stains may be divided into four general classes, which are not, however, e...
Bolts with nuts are useful where great strength is desired. There are three chief varieties, Fig. 230. Fig. 230. a. Stove-bolt. b. Carriage-bolt. c. Machine-bolt. Stove-bolts are c...
Hinges, Fig. 233, are made in several forms. The most common are the butt-hinge or butt, the two leaves of which are rectangular, as in a door-hinge; the strap-hinge, the leaves of...
The hammer consists of two distinct parts, the head and the handle. The head is made of steel, so hard that it will not be indented by hitting against nails or the butt of nailsets...
It is a long step from the time when one inch meant the width of the thumb, and one foot meant the length of the foot, to the measuring of distances and of angles which vary almost...
The chief parts of a lock are: the bolt, its essential feature, the selvage, the plate which appears at the edge of the door or drawer, the box, which contains the mechanism includ...
Fig. 86. Hand Saw. The object of the saw is to cut thru a piece of material along a determined line. Its efficiency depends upon (1) the narrowness of the saw cut or "kerf," and (2...
"Dovetail" refers to the shape of the projections of one member, when looked at broadside. These projections are called dovetails, or merely tails. The projections on the other mem...
(a) Wood-screws, Fig. 229, may be classified by the material of which they are made; as, steel or brass. Steel screws may be either bright,—the common finish,—blued by heat or acid...
The tenon in its simplest form is made by dividing the end of a piece of wood into three parts and cutting out rectangular pieces on both sides of the part left in the middle. The...
The plane is a modified chisel. The chief difference in action between a chisel and a plane in paring is this: the back of the chisel lies close down on the surface of the wood tha...
In roughing out the center for Napkin Rings, Jewel Boxes, etc., the quickest method is to work it out with a small gouge. Place the gouge on the rest parallel to the bed of the lat...
The grindstone for woodworking tools is best when rather fine and soft. The grinding surface should be straight and never concave. The stone should run as true as possible. It can...
When scraping is to be employed, it should be done with only those tools that are made for that purpose, i.e., Square Nose, Round Nose, Spear Point, Right and Left Skew. The handli...
Scraping tools are of such nature that they can only abrade or smooth surfaces. 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 Fig. 142. Auger-Bit-File. Fig. 143. Single-Cut Blunt, Flat, Bastard File...
The principal saws in a mill are of three kinds, the circular, Fig. 32, the gang, Fig. 33, and the band, Fig. 34. The circular-saw, tho very rapid, is the most wasteful because of...
Some boring tools, like awls, force the material apart, and some, like augers, remove material. The brad-awl, Fig. 125, is wedge-shaped, and hence care needs to be taken in using i...
The rough and ready methods common in American logging operations are the result partly of a tradition of inexhaustible supply, partly of the fear of fire and the avoidance of taxe...
Exercise A-I--1-a. Straight Cuts 1. THE ROUGHING CUT (LARGE GOUGE). FIG. 4. Place the gouge on the rest so that the level is above the wood and the cutting edge is tangent to the c...
The sizes of turning lathes are given as 10", 12", etc. These figures denote the diameter, or size, of the largest piece of work that can be turned on them. The measurement is take...
Wherever two or more pieces of wood are fastened together we have what is properly called joinery. In common usage the term indicates the framing of the interior wood finish of bui...
No. 1. A lapped and strapped joint is made by laying the end of one timber over another and fastening them both together with bent straps on the ends of which are screws by which t...
Tool equipment. The choice of tools in any particular shop best comes out of long experience. Some teachers prefer to emphasize certain processes or methods, others lay stress on d...
In setting the hinges of a box cover, first see that the cover fits the box exactly all the way around. In the case of a door, see that it fits its frame, evenly all the way around...
All the work thus far has been on models where the stock worked upon is held between the live and dead centers. In face-plate and chuck turning the work is done at the head stock o...